Wednesday, July 1, 2015

The “Paperless” Workplace. Not as Green as You Think?

It’s Time to Go Paperless…Wait a Minute

I saw an article here on LinkedIn the other day that really caught my attention. In it, Phil Riebel, the president of Two Sides North America, provides some very thoughtful insights about paper and its role in environmental sustainability. I found them intriguing, and wanted to share them with you.

We have all heard a great deal about our increasingly paperless society and the benefits it would appear to hold for the preservation of our forests and other natural resources. But the key word here is “appear” – because in his article, Reibel demonstrates that when all the relevant factors are considered, doing everything electronically may not be the right path toward protecting our ecosystems.

It’s Time to Go Paperless…It’s Time to Get the Facts

The article is based on a commentary by Fred Bercovitch, a wildlife conservation biologist at Kyoto University. According to Bercovitch, the paperless society is a long way from impact-free. Those desktop computers, laptops, tablets, cell phones and data transmission networks that, in one way or another, “replace” paper all come with their own huge ecological footprint.

First of all, they require vast amounts of energy to produce and operate; and we as a society replace those items quite frequently. According to estimates from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the average person replaces his or her cell phone, for example, every 18 months. Since 10% or fewer of all cell phones are ever recycled, you can see how many of them simply become electronic waste in landfills.

In addition, each of those electronic devices require rare earth elements (REEs) to operate. There are no synthetic alternatives, and the extraction and use of those elements devastate the environment. While only small amounts of these elements, (with names like neodymium, europium, terbium and yttrium) are used in each product, the total required for electronic devices worldwide is staggering: nearly 150,000 tons.

Further, these REEs are found in small deposits in nature, encrusted in rock and other geological materials. They are retrieved through the practice of deep open-pit mining, which exacts a large cost in fossil fuels, and leaves in its wake increased air and water pollution. More energy is then used transporting the mined material to an extraction location, where the REEs are separated through the use of water, solvents, chemicals, and toxic metals which can, themselves, leave behind a scarred and polluted landscape.

It’s Time to Go Paperless…The Bottom Line

The bottom line here is not to throw all modern electronics under the bus. I use them and depend on them, and don’t want to sound like a dinosaur here. It’s just that we can only make good environmental decisions if we really understand what we’re doing, and can see accurately the effects of those decisions. As we use better, more powerful electronic devices, let’s realize we are, in the process, driving demand for more REEs, more electricity, and more potential environmental impact as a result.

In doing a bit more digging on this topic, I found a strong point of view on the issue from Don Carli, writing for greenbiz.com.

Proponents of going paperless have waged an effective rhetorical assault on paper-based media that selectively uses “facts” to depict digital media as green and print media as a major cause of deforestation, despite the fact that the ravenous energy demands of cell phones, game consoles, computers, telecommunication networks and data-centers can be linked to some of the most egregious deforestation, environmental destruction and human costs in the United States.

Now let’s take a quick look at what’s involved in producing the paper that all these devices are supposedly replacing. No one would suggest that the production of paper has no implications for the environment. But fairness and intelligent analysis requires that we appreciate the sustainable aspects of paper that the electronic alternatives simply don’t and can’t offer.

The first and most obvious is that for paper, the raw materials are trees – a natural and renewable resource that can be harvested, re-planted, and relied upon indefinitely with proper management. But there are other features that give paper unique advantages.
Paper is among the most successfully recycled commodities in the world; in North America, it is recovered at a rate of over 65%. And the (re)cycle repeats itself, since paper can be recycled five to seven times into new paper products.
In addition, the production process for paper is an environmental success story, with over 65% of the required energy coming from renewable sources such as biomass facilities.
Well managed forests help provide ongoing benefits in many ways, such as helping protect air and water, and serving to help mitigate the effects of climate change.
There is no question that the world is changing, and that’s a good thing. But this article really struck a chord with me. As we hear about the demise of “snail mail” in favor of e-mail, the barrage of electronic newsletters replacing printed versions, and even fund transfers replacing paper checks, we need to think a little bit more deeply so that we understand just how “green” those changes really are, or are not.

Electronics Aren’t Going Anywhere. Neither is paper

With effective forest management, the most important consideration in assessing the benefits of our new paperless society isn’t the paper that is being “saved” but the additional energy being used and environmental damage being done. The way I see it, this isn’t really an either/or debate.  Electronics aren’t going anywhere, and neither is paper. The challenge – and the opportunity – is in using both as efficiently as possible.

At Superior Business Solutions, printing efficiency has been our strongest point of difference for many years. Our services enhance that efficiency in many different ways, including:

Targeting that makes your printed pieces work more efficiently; our print-on-demand capabilities allow you to customize your information to targets more precisely based on their specific interests, with greater return and less waste.
Print production management that allows us to match your project’s needs with the right choice from among 2800 pre-qualified printers and vendors.
Our Corporate Kiosk that allows businesses to smoothly generate stationery, business forms, marketing materials, corporate identity, and hundreds of other elements through a controlled portal that standardizes quality and streamlines management.
If you’d like any information about how we can help you get more value and efficiency out of the paper your office does use, or just to share your opinion about this interesting topic

Friday, June 5, 2015

Why World Environment Day is Celebrated

Environment Day

World environment day is also known as the Environment Day, Eco Day or short form WED. It has been one of the great annual events for years which is being celebrated worldwide by the people aiming to protect the unique and life nurturing Nature on every 5th June.

World Environment Day 2015

World environment day 2015 would be celebrated by the people all across the world on 5th of June, at Friday.

World Environment Day History

World Environment Day (also called as WED) has been started celebrating as an annual event on every 5th of June since 1973 in order to raise the global awareness about the importance of the healthy and green environment in the human lives, to solve the environmental issues by implementing some positive environmental actions as well as to make aware common public worldwide that everyone is responsible for saving his environment and not only somebody, government or organizations working for it.World environment day was first established to be celebrated every year by running some effective campaigns by the United Nations General Assembly and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in the conference on Human Environment began from 5th to 16th of June at United Nations in 1972. It was first time celebrated in 1973 with the particular theme “Only one Earth”. Since 1974, the celebration campaign of the world environment day is hosted in different cities of the world.It is a big annual celebration started by the United Nations General Assembly to engage millions of people from different countries across the globe as well as draw attention of political and health organizations to implement some effective actions.

Why World Environment Day is Celebrated

World environment day annual celebration campaign was started to address the huge environmental issues like wastage and losses of food, deforestation, increasing global warming and so many. Every year celebration is planned according to the particular theme and slogan of the year to bring effectiveness in the campaign all through the world.It is celebrated to successfully get carbon neutrality, focusing on the forest management, reducing greenhouse effects, promoting bio-fuels production by planting on degraded lands, use of hydro-power to enhance electricity production, encourage common public to use solar water heaters, energy production through solar sources, developing new drainage systems, promoting coral reefs and mangroves restoration in order to get prevented from flooding and erosion including other ways of environmental preservation. Some of the objectives of the world environment day campaign are mentioned below:It is celebrated to make aware the common public about the environmental issues.Encourage common people from different society and communities to actively participate in the celebration as well as become an active agent in developing environmental safety measures.Let them know that community people are very essential to inhibit negative changes towards the environmental issues.Encourage people to make their nearby surroundings safe and clean to enjoy safer, cleaner and more prosperous future.

World Environment Day Activities

Variety of activities are planned to celebrate this great event in different countries to encourage more people towards the celebration. Various news channels take part very actively in the celebration to cover the news and distribute messages about the celebration among common public through their news publications to bring effective and positive changes towards the environment to solve all the environmental issues. Some of the national and international level activities include street rallies, tree plantation, garbage recycling, surrounding areas clean-up, parades and so many activities in order to draw people attention towards wide range of environmental issues as well as bring difference.People of all age groups actively involve during the celebration to save their planet in original form as gifted by the nature. Especially modern day youths hugely take part in the celebration through many activities such as clean up campaigns, art exhibitions, motivating people for tree-planting, dance activities, recycling garbage, film festivals, community events, essays writing, poster competitions, social media campaigns and lot more. Many awareness campaigns are also run at schools, colleges and other educational institutions to motivate students towards their environmental safety. The celebration takes place at national and international level by organizing various activities in the public places to aware common public about the real causes of environment status degradation as well as let them know what steps should be taken to solve such environmental issues.

World Environment Day Theme and Slogan

Each year celebration of the World Environment Day is based on the particular theme decided by the United Nations to make the celebration more effective by encouraging mass people worldwide to hugely take part in addressing environmental issues on global scale. Year wise list of the themes and slogans of world environment day are mentioned below:

The theme of the year 2015 would be “One World, One Environment”.
The theme of the year 2014 was “small island developing states” or “SIDS” and “Raise your voice, not the sea level”.
The theme of the year 2013 was “Think. Eat. Save.” And slogan was “Reduce Your Foodprint”.
The theme of the year 2012 was “Green Economy: Does it include you?”.
The theme of the year 2011 was “Forests: Nature at your Service”.
The theme of the year 2010 was “Many Species. One Planet. One Future”.
The theme of the year 2009 was “Your Planet Needs You – Unite to Combat Climate Change”.
The theme and slogan of the year 2008 was “CO2, Kick the Habit – Towards a Low Carbon Economy”.
The theme of the year 2007 was “Melting Ice – a Hot Topic?”.
The theme of the year 2006 was “Deserts and Desertification” and slogan was “Don’t Desert Drylands!.”
The theme of the year 2005 was “Green Cities” and slogan was “Plan for the Planet!”.
The theme of the year 2004 was “Wanted! Seas and Oceans” and slogan was “Dead or Alive?”.
The theme of the year 2003 was “Water” and slogan was “Two Billion People are Dying for It!”.
The theme of the year 2002 was “Give Earth a Chance”.
The theme of the year 2001 was “Connect with the World Wide Web of Life”.
The theme of the year 2000 was “The Environment Millennium” and slogan was “Time to Act”.
The theme of the year 1999 was “Our Earth – Our Future” and slogan was “Just Save It!”.
The theme of the year 1998 was “For Life on Earth and slogan was “Save Our Seas”.
The theme of the year 1997 was “For Life on Earth”.
The theme of the year 1996 was “Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home”.
The theme of the year 1995 was “We the Peoples: United for the Global Environment”.
The theme of the year 1994 was “One Earth One Family”.
The theme of the year 1993 was “Poverty and the Environment and slogan was “Breaking the Vicious Circle”.
The theme of the year 1992 was “Only One Earth, Care and Share”.
The theme of the year 1991 was “Climate Change. Need for Global Partnership”.
The theme of the year 1990 was “Children and the Environment”.
The theme of the year 1989 was “Global Warming; Global Warning”.
The theme of the year 1988 was “When People Put the Environment First, Development Will Last”.
The theme of the year 1987 was “Environment and Shelter: More Than A Roof”.
The theme of the year 1986 was “A Tree for Peace”.
The theme of the year 1985 was “Youth: Population and the Environment”.
The theme of the year 1984 was “Desertification”.
The theme of the year 1983 was “Managing and Disposing Hazardous Waste: Acid Rain and Energy”.
The theme of the year 1982 was “Ten Years after Stockholm (Renewal of Environmental Concerns)”.
The theme of the year 1981 was “Ground Water; Toxic Chemicals in Human Food Chains”.
The theme of the year 1980 was “A New Challenge for the New Decade: Development without Destruction”.
The theme of the year 1979 was “Only One Future for Our Children and slogan was “Development without Destruction”.
The theme of the year 1978 was “Development without Destruction”.
The theme of the year 1977 was “Ozone Layer Environmental Concern; Lands Loss and Soil Degradation”.
The theme of the year 1976 was “Water: Vital Resource for Life”.
The theme of the year 1975 was “Human Settlements”.
The theme of the year 1974 was “Only one Earth during Expo ’74”.
The theme of the year 1973 was “Only one Earth”.

Thursday, March 12, 2015

Kerala Elephants Conservation issues

Habitat loss and conflict with humans: 

Steady inroads into elephant habitat to meet the needs of an increasing human population and economic development have resulted in significant loss and fragmentation of elephant habitat. Furthermore, anthropogenic pressures have also contributed to extreme degradation of large parts of the elephant habitat. Consequently, human-elephant conflicts are becoming increasingly common leading to death and injury of human beings and retaliatory killings of elephants. At present, this is amongst the biggest threats to the survival of Asian elephants in the wild. As the forest cover becomes fragmented and degraded, elephants raid plantations and crop fields in their quest for food or in the course of moving between forest patches. A single elephant can devastate a small farmer’s crop holding in one feeding raid, thereby bringing them in direct conflict with farmers living in and around elephant habitats. 

Poaching: Even where suitable habitat exists, poaching remains a threat to elephants. Since only males have tusks, poaching has resulted in highly skewed male-female sex ratio in many areas. Poaching for meat and other products like tail hair also pose threats to populations, especially in northeast India. In 1989, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) banned the international trade in ivory. However, there are still some thriving but unmonitored domestic ivory markets in a number of Asian and other countries which fuel the illegal international trade in ivory.

Other challenges: Challenges on the ground include securing habitat and corridors, management of human-elephant conflict (HEC) and retaliatory killing of elephants, stopping poaching and reducing accidental deaths due to trains, electrocution and falls into deep pits, wells and trenches.





Sunday, February 15, 2015

Save Animals Initiative: Couple have converted it into a beautiful forest of over 300 acres.

THE COUPLE WHO BOUGHT BARREN LAND IN 1991 AND TRANSFORMED IT INTO A 300 ACRE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY 

[Pamela and Anil Malhotra bought 55 acres of land 23 years ago, and today they have converted it into a beautiful forest of over 300 acres.]

"THEIR KEY TO SUCCESS : PLEASE READ LAST LINE"
Wouldn’t it be great to wake up to the sound of chirping birds, with fresh air and splendid scenery around? In the busy lives of our cities when even house sparrows are fast disappearing, this seems like a dream. But a couple has converted this dream into a reality by creating a wildlife sanctuary of their own. The couple, passionate about wildlife and nature conservation, bought 55 acres of land to plant native trees and protect the environment. Today, they are responsible for creating over 300 acres of wild life sanctuary that hosts animals like Bengal Tigers, Asian Elephants, Hyena, Wild Boar, Leopards, Sambhar, etc.
Dr. A.K. Malhotra and Pamela Malhotra, the NRI duo behind this amazing SAI (Save Animals Initiative) Sanctuary Trust first went to the Himalayas, but as the laws in the Northern part of the country have a land ceiling of 12 acres, they came down South to give shape to their dreams of preservation and protection of nature and wildlife.
“The problem is, we expect the government to do everything. Like-minded people, NGOs and other agencies should purchase land and do their own bit to conserve the wildlife,” says Pamela.
They bought around 55 acres of unused and abandoned land from the farmers who were not using it due to excess of rainfall in Kodagu district of Karnataka. “We chose Kodagu because it is the micro hotspot of bio diversity in the entire planet,” Pamela says. The passion to expand the green cover grew stronger and they kept buying lands from farmers who weren’t using them. This way the land was used and also farmers got money to repay their debts as the land was anyway lying idle. Gradually the 55 acre forest cover became larger and today covers 300 acres of the land. There were a lot of native trees that already existed there. The couple decided to retain those and follow three important rules: no chopping down of any tree, no human interference and no poachers.
And with this thought, the efforts to make a wildlife sanctuary started in 1991. After 23 years, their unmatched passion for wildlife and nature has helped them transform the 55 acres of barren land in 1991 into a one-of-its-kind wildlife sanctuary spread over 300 acres, probably the only private sanctuary in the country! The sanctuary also has a beautiful river in the middle that is home to several aquatic species like fishes and snakes, including the King Cobra. The huge trees and thick forest has also helped several birds like hornbill find their homes. There are over 305 species of birds that visit this sanctuary regularly. “We make sure that we don’t interfere with these animals. Elephants are very important for regeneration of the forests as they swallow the seed completely without breaking it, unlike other species. Around 30 species of trees totally depend upon elephants for regeneration,” says Pamela.
Several cameras are installed across the sanctuary to identify new animals and keep a track on poachers. “People think that animals need the forest. But the truth is, the forest needs the animals equally. While the forest helps animals in providing shelter and food, animals help forests in regeneration – they are both inter-dependent and we should make efforts to preserve both,” says Dr. Anil. “A few days ago, I saw in the camera recording that a family of wild dogs and seven small puppies from that family were trying to attack a Sambhar just in front of my house gate. They were born a few days back and now had grown up. So, the fact that each puppy survived is commendable. That means the sanctuary is a good host to all these wild animals,” says Pamela.

When the Malhotra couple purchased the land, there were already native species of cardamom and other trees that were planted. They decided not to disturb those and planted more native trees around the existing ones. As the green cover expanded, the animal and bird species increased too. The flora of this sanctuary includes hundreds of varieties of indigenous trees, many of which are of medicinal value.
“Our aim is to preserve the flora and fauna, especially the rainforests, for the future generation. We believe that when we die we should give back the same (if not better) Earth which we got from our ancestors to the next generation,” says Dr. Anil. The duo makes sure that they do not interfere or disturb the existing eco-system. “Even the dead wood provides nutrition to the soil,” says Pamela.

The couple has grown 10-12 acres of coffee and around 15 acres of cardamom on the land. They are also involved in organic farming on the same land. The sanctuary, which offers a unique experience to the visitors, runs completely on solar and alternate energy. For days of heavy rainfall in the monsoon, the three small windmills meet the needs of providing enough electricity to the sanctuary. “We also make sure that people who visit here are responsible tourists. We only take those people who are actually interested in exploring the beauty of nature. Smoking and drinking is not allowed as it disturbs the animals and the overall air which is so pure,” says Pamela. When Malhotra couple started this sanctuary, they invested their own money. Now they are a registered not-for-profit trust which runs on donations which get tax exemptions.
Apart from funds, another challenge comes while patrolling the sanctuary. As the area is very large it is hard to keep track of the poachers. To counter this, they spread awareness about preserving wildlife and nature in schools and nearby villages. “To avoid any mishap, we don’t allow people to walk alone here. There is always a guide or we accompany the visitors ourselves,” says Pamela. 
The sanctuary also won the “Wildlife and Tourism Initiative Of The Year” award by Sanctuary Asia in conjunction with Tour Operators for Tigers in 2014. In conclusion, Pamela has a thought she’d like to leave us with, “Overcome your fear and respect the animals’ power. The animal might not understand our words but they do understand our feelings.” Pamela and Anil also advice people to be careful about the lifestyle they follow. Eating organic food, recycling things, using more energy-efficient devices are some of the basic things they advise everyone to follow.
“When I carried buckets of water in the Himalayas, I realized how precious it is. We should not waste it. It is only when we face problems we realize importance of things,” she says. 
“For anyone who wants to bring a change, we advise them to set one single goal and believe that they can achieve it,” says the couple.












Photos From :Chandrashekar Kalyanasundaram

Wednesday, January 14, 2015

Elephants' excellent memory helps their survival

It’s a common saying that elephants never forget. But the more we learn about elephants, the more it appears that their impressive memory is only one aspect of an incredible intelligence that makes them some of the most social, creative, and benevolent creatures on Earth. Alex Gendler takes us into the incredible, unforgettable mind of an elephant.

Tuesday, September 2, 2014

Tiger census shows an increase in the number of the endangered cats

Tiger census shows an increase in the number of the endangered catsThe survey carried out by the government in 2014 found at least 2,226 tigers in the country's forests, against 1,706 in 2010


The latest census of tigers Indians reveals a pronounced increase in the number of these cats living innature , which brings hope that the efforts of conservation work, today said government authorities
The 2014 survey found at least 2,226 tigers in forests of the country, against 1,706 in 2010. The Environment Minister, Prakash Javadekar, said the number represents a great success story, the result of sustained conservation measures. "The population of these animals fell to the world, but up here," he celebrated.Found in much of Asia, tigers are the largest cats in the world. Inhabited places as diverse (tropical forests, wetlands and grasslands) that ended up evolving into regional populations with different patterns and sizes, as to be classified into different subspecies. Today, most are extinct. Habitat loss, hunting their prey and the Chinese black market - selling parts feline body to make medicines - are decimating one of the most formidable predators on the planet.The tigers are threatened by poaching and the shrinking of their habitats with the deforestation caused by power projects, roads and cities, the rapid industrialization results and the Indian economic development.The disappearance of forests has affected the availability of prey and took the cats to venture into human habitats.
















Sunday, August 31, 2014

11 environmental disasters The Prime Minister blessed in his first 100 days

Now nobody can argue that prime minister does not mean business. So his government has gone about eliminating the policy paralyses that many claimed ailed the previous regime. This meant dismantling roadblocks that hamper economic growth. But what also happens to be under fire: laws and rules that safeguard India’s environment, forests, wildlife, and tribal rights. Consider what all the new government has achieved (or undermined, depending on which side of the growth-versus-green debate one stands) in just about three months:
  • Environmental and forest clearances have been delinked to allow work on linear projects, such as highways, on non-forest land without waiting for approvals for the stretches that require forest land. Defence projects get priority along China borders up to 100km from the Line of Actual Control in the sensitive eco zones of the higher Himalayas. The government has decided to soften some rules in the Forest Rights Act and Forest Conservation Act to step up economic activities in Naxal-affected states which account for some of the country’s best forests and the majority of our tribal population.
  • The height of the Narmada dam will be raised. Irrigation projects requiring 2,000-10,000 hectares are now exempt from the scrutiny of the Centre and can be cleared by state governments. Those requiring less than 2,000 hectares will require no green clearance at all. Separation of power generation components from irrigation projects has allowed promoters to project smaller requirement of land, making clearance easier.
  • Changes in the pollution classification now allow mid-sized polluting industries to operate within five km of national parks and sanctuaries (instead of the 10-km restrictive limit ordered by the Supreme Court).
  • Ban lifted on new industries in critically polluted industrial areas, such as Gujarat’s Vapi. Pollution index-based moratoriums were lifted and a review of the index has been ordered. Norms for coal tar processing, sand mining, paper pulp industries, etc. were eased.
  • National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) reconstituted by slashing the number of independent members from 15 to just three. This truncated NBWL cleared most of the 140 projects before it on August 12. On August 25, the Supreme Court questioned the Centre’s move, ruling that “any decision taken by it (NBWL) shall not be given effect to till further orders”.
  • The process of reviewing the National Green Tribunal Act to reduce the judicial tribunal to an administrative one has been initiated. Headed by a retired Supreme Court judge or a high court chief justice, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) hears all first challenges to environmental and forest clearances. “Laws keep changing,” Modi’s environment minister Prakash Javadekar has famously justified.
  • The new government has also diluted the Forest Rights Act that requires the consent of the local tribal population for diverting forestland. Instead of gram sabhas (village councils) certifying that their rights had been settled and that they had consented to projects, the district administrations have now been asked to do the same. This exercise must be completed in 60 days, irrespective of the number of project-affected villages or the complication of the process. Moreover, prospecting for minerals in forests are now exempt from having to acquire the consent of local gram sabhas or settling tribal rights.
  • No public hearing for coal mines below 16 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) that want to increase output by up to 50% and those above 16 mtpa wanting to expand by up to five mtpa. Instead of individual clearances, now mines can seek approvals in clusters.
  • To turn the clock back, the new government is considering as many as 19 amendments to the new Land Acquisition Act. These include dilution of the local consent requirement for public-private-partnership projects, removal of the social impact assessment requirement, delinking compensation for land from market value, relaxing the time limit for completing acquisition, not returning unutilised lands to the original owners, giving states overriding discretionary powers, etc.
  • The Ken-Betwa river-linking project that will drown more than 40 sq km of the Panna tiger reserve has been revived.
  • The new government also approved field trials of 21 genetically modified (GM) crops, including rice, wheat and maize (beforeputting it on hold under pressure from the RSS).


To be fair, the process of undermining green concerns to facilitate unbridled growth was initiated by the previous regime. For whatever little ground he stood, the rhetorical Jairam Ramesh was kicked out of the environment ministry and even his more pliant successor Jayanthi Natarajan had to make way soon for Veerappa Moily. The oil minister cleared more than 100 big-ticket projects during his short stint at the environment ministry. With Modi watching over his shoulders, Javadekar has already eclipsed Moily’s grand feat, in less than three months.
The prime minister, of course, has the mandate. He won on the promise of nationwide development along the lines of the Gujarat model. As the Yamuna in Delhi or the Ganga in Varanasi gets artificial facelifts like the Sabarmati in Ahmedabad, one could possibly blame ignorance for selling concrete riverfronts as the cure for choking rivers. But for good times’ sake, will India be able to rationalize embracing Vapi—among the world’s most polluted places—as the model of growth?

Tuesday, July 15, 2014

പശ്ചിമഘട്ട മലനിരകളിലെ പരിസ്ഥിതി സംരക്ഷണം വരും തലമുറക്കായി

”സാമൂഹിക, സാമ്പത്തിക, രാഷ്ട്രീയ മേഖലകളില്‍ ഉത്തരവാദിത്വമുള്ള പദവികളില്‍ ഇരിക്കുന്നവരേ, നല്ല മനസ്സുള്ള സ്ത്രീ പുരുഷന്‍മാരേ: നമുക്ക് സൃഷ്ടിയുടെ സംരക്ഷകരാകാം, പ്രകൃതിയില്‍ ദൈവം കരുതിവെച്ച പദ്ധതിയുടെ സംരക്ഷകരാകാം, പരസ്പരം സംരക്ഷകരാകാം, പരിസ്ഥിതിയുടെയും സംരക്ഷകരാകാം” 
- പോപ്പ് ഫ്രാന്‍സിസ്, മാര്‍ച്ച് 18, 2013 സെന്റ് പീറ്റേഴ്‌സ് സ്‌ക്വയര്‍


”കാടുകള്‍ അപ്രത്യക്ഷമാകുന്നതിനും പച്ച വിരിപ്പ് നാശോന്മുഖമാകുന്നതിനും കാരണം ആദിവാസികളല്ല. കരാറുകാര്‍, വനം വകുപ്പ് ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥര്‍, ഭരണവര്‍ഗ രാഷ്ട്രീയ നേതാക്കള്‍ എന്നിവര്‍ ചേര്‍ന്ന അത്യാര്‍ത്തി പൂണ്ട സംഘമാണതിന് കാരണക്കാര്‍. കാട് കൊള്ളയടിക്കലും വ്യാപകമായ മരം വെട്ടും മുതലാളിത്ത വികസനത്തിന്റെ പ്രതിരോധിക്കാനാകാത്ത രീതിയാണ്” 
- സി പി ഐ (എം), ആദിവാസികളെ കുറിച്ചുള്ള നയരേഖ


മാധവ് ഗാഡ്ഗില്‍ , കസ്തൂരി രംഗന്‍ കമ്മിറ്റി റിപ്പോര്‍ട്ടുകളെക്കുറിച്ച് വലിയ തോതില്‍ തെറ്റിദ്ധാരണകള്‍ പരത്തിയവര്‍, ആ പ്രചാരണം നേരത്തെ ആരംഭിക്കുകയും എതിരഭിപ്രായങ്ങളെ അടിച്ചോടിക്കാന്‍ പാകത്തിലുള്ള വിദ്വേഷം ജനങ്ങള്‍ക്കിടയില്‍ ഉണ്ടാക്കിയെടുക്കുന്നതില്‍ വിജയിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. ആ പ്രചാരണത്തിന്റെ നേതൃത്വത്തില്‍ കത്തോലിക്കാ സഭയുണ്ടായിരുന്നു, മലയോര കര്‍ഷകര്‍ക്കിടയില്‍ സ്വാധീനമുറപ്പിച്ച കേരളാ കോണ്‍ഗ്രസുണ്ടായിരുന്നു, മലയോര കര്‍ഷകര്‍ക്കിടയില്‍ ഏത് വിധത്തിലും സ്വാധീനമുറപ്പിക്കണമെന്ന് ലക്ഷ്യമിട്ട സി പി എമ്മുണ്ടായിരുന്നു.
മാധവ് ഗാഡ്ഗില്‍ മുന്നോട്ടുവെച്ച നിര്‍ദേശങ്ങളുടെ അന്തസ്സത്ത ഉള്‍ക്കൊണ്ട് അത് വിശ്വാസികളെ പഠിപ്പിച്ച്, പോപ്പ് ഫ്രാന്‍സിസ് ആഹ്വാനം ചെയ്തത് പോലെ പ്രകൃതിയില്‍ ദൈവം കരുതിവെച്ച പദ്ധതിയുടെ സംരക്ഷകരായി ജീവജാലങ്ങളുടെ സുസ്ഥിരമായ നിലനില്‍പ്പിന് വേണ്ടി പരിസ്ഥിതിയുടെയും സംരക്ഷകരാക്കേണ്ട കത്തോലിക്കാ സഭ റിപ്പോര്‍ട്ടുകളെക്കുറിച്ച് വലിയ തോതില്‍ തെറ്റിദ്ധാരണകള്‍ പരത്തി എതിര്‍ക്കുയാണ് ചെയ്ത്തത് 

പൗരോഹിത്യത്തിന്റെ ഇംഗിതങ്ങള്‍ക്കപ്പുറത്തുള്ള രാഷ്ട്രീയ നിലപാട് അന്യമായ കേരള കോണ്‍ഗ്രസ് മുന്‍പിന്‍ നോക്കാതെ സഭക്കൊപ്പം നില്‍ക്കുക സ്വാഭാവികം. പക്ഷേ, സി പി എമ്മും സി പി ഐയും ഈ വഴി സ്വീകരിക്കുമ്പോള്‍, പരിസ്ഥിതി സംരക്ഷണത്തിന്റെ പ്രാധാന്യത്തെക്കുറിച്ചും വികസനവും പരിസ്ഥിതി സംരക്ഷണവും യോജിച്ച് പോകേണ്ടതിന്റെ ആവശ്യതയെക്കുറിച്ചും ഇക്കാലത്തിനിടെ പൊതുവിലുണ്ടായ അവബോധത്തെയാകെ തകര്‍ക്കുകയാണ് അവര്‍. ഭൂപരിഷ്‌കരണവും വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ മേഖലയിലെ പരിഷ്‌കരണവും മുന്‍നിര്‍ത്തി നിയമ നിര്‍മാണങ്ങള്‍ക്ക് ശ്രമിച്ച 1957ലെ കമ്മ്യൂണിസ്റ്റ് സര്‍ക്കാറിനെ പുറത്താക്കാന്‍ നടന്ന വിമോചന സമരത്തിന്റെ നേതൃത്വത്തില്‍ സഭയുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. ആ സമരം ഏതളവിലാണ് കേരളത്തിന്റെ സാമൂഹിക, രാഷ്ട്രീയ മേഖലകളില്‍ മാറ്റമുണ്ടാക്കിയതെന്ന് അറിയാത്തവരല്ല ഇടത് പാര്‍ട്ടികളുടെ നേതാക്കള്‍. സ്വകാര്യ സ്വാശ്രയ പ്രൊഫഷനല്‍ കോളജുകള്‍ അനുവദിച്ച് കിട്ടുന്നതിന് സഭാ നേതൃത്വം സ്വീകരിച്ച നിലപാടും അനുവദിച്ച് കിട്ടിയതിന് ശേഷം അവര്‍ നടത്തിയ മറുകണ്ടംചാടലും നിയമനിര്‍മാണത്തിന് ശ്രമിച്ചപ്പോള്‍ രണ്ടാം വിമോചന സമരത്തിന് നടത്തിയ ആഹ്വാനവും അറിയാത്തവരുമല്ല. ജീവകാരുണ്യ മേഖലയിലും വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ രംഗത്തും സംഭാവനകള്‍ നല്‍കുമ്പോള്‍ തന്നെ, സമൂഹത്തില്‍ തുല്യാവസരമുറപ്പാക്കി മുന്നോട്ടുപോകാന്‍ നടത്തിയ ശ്രമങ്ങളെ, പ്രതിരോധിച്ച ചരിത്രമാണ് സഭക്ക്. ആറ് മുതല്‍ 14 വരെ പ്രായമുള്ള കുട്ടികള്‍ക്ക് വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം അവകാശമാക്കി നിയമം കൊണ്ടുവന്നപ്പോള്‍ അതിനെ എതിര്‍ക്കാന്‍ ആദ്യമെത്തിയത് സഭയായിരുന്നുവെന്നത് സമീപകാല ചരിത്രം. ഈ അവസ്ഥയില്‍ സഭയുമായി കൈകോര്‍ത്ത് സമരത്തിന്, സി പി എമ്മും സി പി ഐയും അടക്കം ഇടത് പാര്‍ട്ടികള്‍ അണിനിരക്കുമ്പോള്‍, അതിനൊരു ലക്ഷ്യമേയുള്ളൂ – വിമോചനസമരത്തിന് ശേഷം ഇക്കാലമത്രയും കോണ്‍ഗ്രസിനെയോ കേരളാ കോണ്‍ഗ്രസിനെയോ അതുവഴി യു ഡി എഫിനെയോ പിന്തുണച്ച കുടിയേറ്റ കര്‍ഷകര്‍ക്കിടയില്‍ സ്വാധീനമുണ്ടാക്കാനായാല്‍ വരുംകാല തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പുകളിലൊക്കെ നേട്ടമുണ്ടാക്കാമെന്ന വ്യാമോഹം.
സുപ്രീം കോടതിയുടെ ഇടപെടലിന്റെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിലാണ് ഗാഡ്ഗില്‍, കസ്തൂരി രംഗന്‍ റിപ്പോര്‍ട്ടുകള്‍. പരിസ്ഥിതി സംരക്ഷണം കേന്ദ്രത്തിന്റെ പ്രധാന പരിഗണനാ വിഷയങ്ങളില്‍ ഒന്നാണ്, അത് നടപ്പാക്കാന്‍ കേന്ദ്ര സര്‍ക്കാര്‍ ബാധ്യസ്ഥമാണ്. നാളെ ഇടതു മുന്നണിയുടെ സര്‍ക്കാര്‍ കേരളത്തില്‍ അധികാരത്തില്‍ വന്നാല്‍, ഇപ്പോള്‍ യു ഡി എഫ് സര്‍ക്കാറെടുക്കുന്ന അതേ നിലപാടേ സ്വീകരിക്കാനാകൂ. അപ്പോള്‍ പള്ളിയും പട്ടക്കാരും എതിരാകും. തത്കാല ലാഭമെന്നതിനപ്പുറത്തൊന്നും ഇടതു പാര്‍ട്ടികള്‍ക്ക് ഇവിടെ കിട്ടാനില്ല. നടപ്പാക്കേണ്ടത് മാധവ് ഗാഡ്ഗില്‍ കമ്മിറ്റിയുടെ റിപ്പോര്‍ട്ട് തന്നെയാണെന്ന് പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ച വി എസ് അച്യുതാനന്ദന്‍ പോലും, തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് രാഷ്ട്രീയത്തില്‍ നേട്ടമുണ്ടാക്കാനാകുമെന്ന പഴുത് കണ്ടപ്പോള്‍ കസ്തൂരി രംഗന്‍ റിപ്പോര്‍ട്ട് പോലും നടപ്പാക്കരുതെന്ന നിലപാടെടുത്തു.
കേരളത്തില്‍ കാലാവസ്ഥക്ക് മാറ്റമുണ്ടായിട്ടുണ്ടെന്നും അത് ജനങ്ങളെ ദുരിതത്തിലാഴ്ത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ടെന്നും കുടിവെള്ള ക്ഷാമവും വൈദ്യുതി കമ്മിയും അനുഭവപ്പെടുന്ന വേനലില്‍ ഇവരൊക്കെ തല കുലുക്കി സമ്മതിക്കും. ജലസമൃദ്ധിയുടെയും ചൂടിനെ വെന്നൊഴുകിയിരുന്ന കാറ്റിന്റെയും കാലങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ച് മധുരസ്മൃതികള്‍ അയവിറക്കുകയും ചെയ്യും. നഷ്ട സമ്പത്തുക്കളെക്കുറിച്ച് ഓര്‍മിക്കുന്നവര്‍ക്ക്, ഇപ്പോഴനുഭവിക്കുന്ന ചെറിയ ആശ്വാസങ്ങള്‍ വരും തലമുറക്കായി കാത്തുവെക്കാനുള്ള ഉത്തരവാദിത്വമുണ്ടെന്ന തോന്നല്‍ ഉണ്ടാകുന്നില്ല. 
Via sirajlive.com

Tuesday, June 24, 2014

In India's Western Ghats, fourteen new species of dancing frogs was found

Fourteen new species of dancing frogs — so named because of the unique kicks they use to attract mates — have been found in the mountains of southern India. The discovery brings the total number of known dancing frog species to 24. Only the male frogs “dance,” which involves stretching and extending the legs in a breeding behavior known as foot-flagging. By whipping their legs out, the frogs draw the attention of females that might not be able to hear their mating croaks over the sound of rushing water.
The frogs also use their leg extensions to smack away other males. For every one female dancing frog, there are about 100 males, making the “dance” that much more important. The species’ mating patterns have long baffled scientists who scoured Indian forests for years in search of eggs.
In 2011, they witnessed two frogs mating and saw the female immediately bury her fertilized eggs, which confirmed that the animals were breeding only after monsoon season when stream levels had gone down. Because stream levels are so important to the frogs’ reproduction, the species is vulnerable to changes in rainfall and water availability. Scientists have found that the animals are declining rapidly, which could be due to loss of moisture in forest soil and streams running dry. However, researchers acknowledge that their observations on forest conditions are only anecdotal and further investigation is needed. Dancing frogs are found exclusively in the Western Ghats or the Sahyādr, a mountain range that stretches nearly 1,000 miles across southern India.
The biologically diverse mountains are home to a quarter of all Indian species.

Saturday, June 21, 2014

Plant 111 trees,when a new girl child is born in Rajasthan

All too often, it seems that an increase in human population must come at a cost to the environment, like instraining resources and encroachment on once wild habitats. But one quaint village in India has adopted a wonderfully eco-conscious tradition that is actually helping to ensure a greener future with each new generation.
One such village in southern Rajasthan's Rajsamand district is quietly practicing its own, homegrown brand of Eco-feminism and achieving spectacular results. For the last several years, Piplantri village panchayat has been saving girl children and increasing the green cover in and around it at the same time. Here, villagers plant 111 trees every time a girl is born and the community ensures these trees survive, attaining fruition as the girls grow up. Over the last six years, people here have managed to plant over a quarter million trees on the village's grazing commons- inlcuding neem, sheesham, mango, Amla among others.
On an average 60 girls are born here every year, according to the village's former sarpanch Shyam Sundar Paliwal, who was instrumental in starting this initiative in the memory of his daughter Kiran, who died a few years ago.In about half these cases, parents are reluctant to accept the girl children, he says. Such families are identified by a village committee comprising the village school principal along with panchayat and Anganwadi members. Rs. 21,000 is collected from the village residents and Rs.10,000 from the girl's father and this sum of Rs. 31,000 is made into a fixed deposit for the girl, with a maturity period of 20 years. But here's the best part. “We make these parents sign an affidavit promising that they would not marry her off before the legal age, send her to school regularly and take care of the trees planted in her name,” says Mr. Paliwal. People also plant 11 trees whenever a family member dies.
But this village of 8,000 did not just stop at planting trees and greening their commons. To prevent these trees from being infested with termite, the residents planted over two and a half million Aloevera plants around them. Now these trees, especially the Aloevera, are a source of livelihood for several residents.
“Gradually, we realized that aloevera could be processed and marketed in a variety of ways. So we invited some experts and asked them to train our women. Now residents make and market aloevera products like juice, gel, pickle etc,” he says.
Via The Hindu

Saturday, May 17, 2014

World Endangered Species Day: The importance of an endangered species conservation to global environmental sustainability

The history of species conservation as a global environmental priority, and its recent decline in the competitive marketplace of sustainability and conservation issues. It is argued that this decline is being manifested in a lack of funds being made available for species conservation efforts, and ultimately, a potential wave of extinctions. Consequently, this paper argues that it is not just individual species that are endangered, but species conservation as a whole.
                         
The challenges facing species conservation as a discipline, and species conservationists as a community of committed individuals and organizations. It considers the potential impact for species and the environment as a result of both of these trends.

History of Species Conservation
“...when the last individual of a race of living things breathes no more, another Heaven and another Earth must pass before such a one can be again.”
William Beebe
                         
Humankind has always valued the species with which it shares the planet, historically valuing them as food, timber, products, and as totems and symbols that have nurtured spiritual life and imagination. However, our ancestors did not lament the extinction of the wolf in Scotland or the lion in Arabia. When the last wild toromiro tree in the world was chopped down on Easter Island, it was chopped down for a fire, to keep a house warm; and only later was its apparent extinction lamented.
                         
The sense of loss resulting from extinction is a relatively modern phenomenon. In many ways it is the result of a new understanding of the impact of our activities, and a greater sense of responsibility for that impact. The sense of responsibility for endangered species has a complex origin. It has developed out of academic studies, concern for lost resources, the love of a species engendered through hunting, and importantly, from the sense of loss all of us have experienced as individual landscapes have been emptied of majestic trees, bison or passenger pigeons. That said, there is evidence of early eighteenth and nineteenth century champions for endangered species, pioneering the cause of species conservation long before its importance was widely recognized. And since then, there have been many milestones in the evolution of species conservation as a global environmental priority, and a domestic political concern.
                         
These milestones include:
• Portuguese explorer Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira noting the overexploitation of Amazon river turtles and other species in the Brazilian Amazon in the late 18th century
• American naturalist John Muir and photographer Ansell Adams whose writings and spectacular photographs stimulated the creation of America’s protected area network
• 18th century botanists Philibert Commerson and Bernardin Saint-Pierre lamenting the loss of species on oceanic islands (Mauritius and St Helena)
• East India Company legislation to protect endangered trees on St Helena in the 18th century
                         
• William Temple Hornaday who championed the cause
of the American Bison 1880s- publishing The Extermination of the American Bison, a report to the Secretary of
the Smithsonian which had originally been printed in the Smithsonian’s annual report for 1887, advocating protection of what remained of the herds
                         
• The Duke of Bedford championing the conservation of Pere David’s Deer
                         
• Founding of the Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire (1903), now known as the FFI
                         
• Banning of feather trade in the USA-Lacey Act (1900) • ICBP first meeting Paris (1923)
• Endangered Species Act (USA, 1966)
                         
Doubtless there are many others, and additional species conservation milestones certainly occurred in many parts of the world that are not mentioned above. This list is merely provided as a sample, to demonstrate that for a long time (more than a century), species conservation enjoyed a slow but growing momentum in terms of its importance and legal recognition.
                         
Much of the modern conservation movement emerged in the post World War II period and grew out of the concerns of a handful of privileged Americans and Europeans who became concerned with the loss of some of the best known flagship species, such as the rhinos, the tigers, the elephants and the great apes. Many of these individuals were scientists and hunters. They stimulated the publication of several early reviews of species status. In 1948, they joined forces to create the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and in 1958 the Survival Service Commission, later renamed the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the IUCN.

Harold Coolidge of the U.S. was the first chair of the SSC, and Sir Peter Scott became its best-known leader, who is largely credited with putting the commission on the global map.
This body formed specialist groups on different species of animals and later plants and soon became the world’s largest network of experts on species conservation and extinction avoidance. Furthermore, at the request of Sir Peter in 1978, the commission began the development of action plans, beginning with the Crocodile and Primate Specialist Groups and later blossoming into a major program of Action Plan development, in part supported by the Sir Peter Scott Fund created with a donation of $1 million from the Sultan of Oman.

Today, the Species Survival Commission (SSC) is the largest of the six commissions of the IUCN, is a global knowledge network of nearly 8,000 volunteer members, including wildlife researchers/managers, government officials, zoo and botanic garden employees, and taxon-specific experts, separated into more than 120 Specialist Groups. Besides serving as the main source of advice to the IUCN and its members on the technical aspects of species conservation, the SSC “provides technical and scientific advice to governments, international environmental treaties, conservation organizations; publishes Action Plans, newsletters, policy guidelines; organizes workshops; implements on-ground conservation projects; and raises funds for and carries out research.”

In 1964, IUCN produced the first Red Data Book, a detailed analysis of the status of those species considered to be of greatest risk. This early and very subjective analysis has since grown into the Red List Program, with detailed and objective scientific criteria. Today, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species remains the authoritative source on information on endangered species, and is the baseline for measuring impact and developing action plans and specific projects for species conservation, and its production is one of the major roles of the SSC and the most visible product of the entire IUCN (Rodrigues et al., 2006). It lists threatened species assessed according to strict criteria (see http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/redlists/ RLcats2001booklet.html), major threats, and trends towards recovery or decline. It is now updated on a yearly basis and falls under the remit of the Red List Programme based in Cambridge, UK. In 1961, a small group of naturalists and conservationists created the World Wildlife Fund. WWF has since grown to an organization of 60 major offices and active projects in more than 100 In the 1970s and 1980s, a number of other organizations also took on international conservation mandates, notably the Nature Conservancy, which began an international program in 1978, the Wildlife Conservation Society, which greatly expanded its earlier work, and Conservation International, which was founded in 1987. What is more, and of even greater importance, has been the emergence of a plethora of national conservation organizations in developing countries, many of them strongly focused on species conservation. The movement towards creation of these national entities began mainly in the 1980s (although a handful were established earlier) and grew rapidly in the 1990s, continuing to the present day.

During this period, in which species conservation organizations proliferated across the world, many of the most successful species conservation projects were designed and implemented under this framework. Awareness of the importance of species conservation was growing, and the institutional architecture required to oversee and provide funding and support to individual projects became increasingly more mature. However, proponents of species conservation would soon find themselves in a far more competitive marketplace for sustainability issues, and would witness a global reframing of environmental conservation that undermined its importance and place in the institutional discourse.

Decline of Species Conservation
                         
Until the 1970s conservation was dominated by an agenda of species and habitat preservation. However during the 1980s environmental conservation changed focus and started exploring the interrelationship between development and conservation. Several organizations moved away from the image of species conservation at that time to reflect a wider view of the conservation debate. During the 1980’s the context of sustainable development matured (World Conservation Strategy 1980) and Caring for the Earth (IUCN, UNEP and WWF, 1991), culminating in 1992 with the UN Conference on Environment and Development (the Rio Summit). At that time the conservation movement ceased to be the exclusive domain of scientists, naturalists, hunters and animal lovers and started to involve development specialists, economists, social science specialists and businesses. With the Millenium Development Goals (UNDP, 2000), poverty alleviation and sustainable development dominated debate in civil society and many large government aid agencies geared their funding to these priorities.

All of these changes in policy rightly recognized the imperative for poverty alleviation and sustainable development, and their undeniable connection with environmental outcomes. However, an unintended consequence of this rapid evolution in priorities has been the dramatic decline of species conservation in the dialogue of global sustainability. This shift was also happening within many large conservation NGOs resulting in a change from tackling the direct threats to biodiversity to addressing the underlying mechanisms responsible for those threats (trade, globalization, subsidies). More recently the meager funds available globally for environmental protection are even further stressed with the realization of climate change as the major environmental threat of our time.

As a result, a large proportion of the limited funds recently made available for species conservation have been diverted from critical, hands-on initiatives in the field, to the equally important priorities of policy work and lobbying. Species conservation has effectively become a peripheral preoccupation, based on a hope that addressing the seemingly bigger environmental issues, or crises, will have a beneficial effect on species-status in the long-term. As a result the dedicated, detailed field based focus that is needed to conserve a species is increasingly being viewed as archaic and irrelevant. Often such work is seen as at best a luxury or at worst a distraction from “bigger” issues. This trend is a serious cause for concern, and its impact on individual conservation workers, and individual species conservation projects, can be witnessed in many corners of the globe. For example, budgets for field stations and protected area research facilities have declined dramatically. In many parts of the tropical world the forest guards and wardens, who often have an intimate understanding of the species in their custody, are chronically under funded and very poorly resourced. The provision of basic field equipment would dramatically improve their contribution to conservation, but alas, the support required to provide this basic equipment ceases to exist.

A worrying trend has started to emerge where some critically threatened species are being dismissed as beyond help and condemned to premature extinction. However, this undervalues the impact of focused management for such species. For example, work with endangered birds and plants in Mauritius and elsewhere shows that such members of the “living dead” can be recovered and reinstated as functioning members of their local biota. Without the determination by a few individuals, we would have lost the round island bottle palm, echo parakeet, Californian condor, Mountain gorilla and Arabian oryx. There is no telling how many other species could be brought back from the precipice of extinction with some relatively small, but targeted, contributions to species conservation efforts across the world.

However, time is of the essence, for both the species whose existence is endangered, and the conservationists who are committed to their protection. If we were to lose the passion and dedication of the species conservation community, we would be deprived of one of the world’s most potent and agile weapons against extinction: the energy and applied knowledge of the experts in our field. The results would quickly become evident, in a sad and massive wave of extinctions.

Recommendations

Based on the threats to species conservation, and species conservationists as a community outlined above, there is an urgent need to refocus conservation priorities on the species. There are a number of compelling reasons to do this. Perhaps the most important is the urgent need to secure and salvage species before they are lost for ever. Secondly, we have the opportunity to reinstate the excitement of discovery. There are still biological frontiers where new species are being discovered (for example the primates in Brazil, bovids in SE Asia, palms and lemurs in Madagascar, amphibians in the Caribbean, coral reef communities off Australia) and areas yet to be explored. We need to reinstate the attraction of species work to the next generation of conservationists, and reignite the “romance” of conservation.

Key to rebuilding species conservation is the need to maintain a close partnership between the professional conservation community and the amateur. In many parts of the world the amateur conservationist is a key player and a vital lobbying force for conservation.

As such, we propose a series of key actions to secure a future for species conservation:

Facilitate the work of those dedicated species conservationists who are at the frontlines of efforts to prevent species extinctions
Support of the work of organizations dedicated to species conservation
Firmly establish species conservation as a fundamental component of protected area and landscape management- species conservation has frequently acted as a catalyst for habitat and ecosystem conservation initiatives, for example the Golden Lion Tamarin in Brazil and the Arabian Oryx in Arabia

• Establish and quantify the value of species as a substrate for sustainable development and poverty alleviation-the management and harvesting of species will continue to be a vital resource for millions of rural communities
                         
• Train and develop the next generation of species conservationists within government agencies, NGO’s and academia
                         
• Increase the status of species conservation work in key institutions around the world through support for such activities in research institutions
                         
• Establish higher levels of public concern and political commitment for species conservation-after all species feed us, provide medicine, timber and textiles, our daily lives are supported by species both wild and domesticated
                         
• Promote species conservation through the media and production of education and awareness materials.
                         
Underpinning all of these individual initiatives, there is an urgent need to re-stimulate a broad discussion on the subject of species conservation and biodiversity, and to better integrate individual environmental initiatives addressing individual issues such as species conservation, climate change, habitat destruction and unsustainable development. Ultimately, the conservation community must end the era of promoting one environmental cause at the expense of another, because if one of these causes (or any of the others competing for attention) fails, all of them are far less likely to succeed. Just like the species of a complex ecosystem, our individual conservation efforts are more interdependent than we tend to recognize, and we will all only be as strong as our weakest links.

Courtesy:
Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund
(www.mbzspeciesconservation.org)